In today’s world, when technology is so advanced, the most important skill a person should have is to know how to write a computer program. Almost every industry is equipped with computers, Gone are the days of pen and paper. Today, in order to store and access your information, you absolutely need computers. Programmers and Developers are in high demand right now. The programming and developer communities are emerging at a rate faster than ever before. Various new programming languages are coming up that are suited for different categories of developers (beginners, intermediate, and experts) as well as for different use cases (web application, mobile applications, game development, distributed system, etc).
Every beginner is puzzled with the same question, which is the best programming language to begin with, so as to get a decent job.
So here is the list of Best Programming Language, which you can learn in 2021 for a job and for future prospects
JavaScript
JavaScript was earlier called LiveScript when it first shipped in with Netscape Navigator 2.0 in September 1995. Later, it was renamed as JavaScript. JavaScript is a very popular language, according to Stack Overflow. More than half of all developers use JavaScript.
Difficulty level: Easy to learn. 4.5 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 5 out of 5.
Pros:
- Client-side JavaScript is very fast as it can be run quickly in the client-side browser.
- Being client-side reduces the demand on the website server.
- JavaScript is relatively simple to learn and implement.
- JavaScript plays nicely with other languages and can be used in a huge variety of applications.
- Grease monkey supports writing snippets of JavaScript which can execute on specific web pages.
Cons:
- JavaScript only allows single inheritance, so multiple inheritances are not possible.
- The code executes on the users’ computer, in some cases, it can be exploited for malicious purposes.
- JavaScript is sometimes interpreted differently by different browsers.
Salary: An average salary for any Javascript developer in India is INR 6,10,593 per year according to Indeed
Python
Python language developed by Guido van Rossum. It was released in 1991. Python is always recommended if you’re looking for an easy and even fun programming language to learn first and has been growing rapidly in the last few years. It is widely accepted as the best programming language to learn first.
Difficulty level: Easy to learn. Best language for beginners. 5 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 5 out of 5.
Pros:
- Supports multiple systems and platforms.
- Object-Oriented Programming-driven.
- Gives rise to quick development by using less code.
- Allows scaling even the most complex applications with ease.
- A large number of resources are available for Python.
Cons:
- Not ideal for Mobile Computing.
- Not a good choice for memory-intensive tasks.
- Python’s database access layer is a bit underdeveloped and primitive.
Salary: An average salary for any Python developer in India is INR 4,95,980 per year according to Indeed
Java
Java is arguably the most popular programming language you’ve ever heard. James Gosling primarily designed Java at Sun Microsystems in 1996. Java has a JVM (java virtual machine) feature. Due to this feature, the program made by java language is cross-platform compatible.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 4 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 4.5 out of 5
Pros:
- Object-Oriented language.
- Java program do not depend on any specific hardware infrastructure to run. You can easily run the server in any machine making it cheap to maintain.
- Java offers APIs for different activities like Database connection, networking, XML parsing, utilities, etc.
- Powerful open-source Rapid Development tools.
- It enables other programs to perform several tasks simultaneously within the program.
There are also a large number of open-source libraries.
Cons:
- Java Programs run on top of Java Virtual Machine so memory management in Java is quite expensive.
- The absence of templates can limit you to create high-quality data structures.
- If you need Strongly Types Collections, you have to write them by yourself. Java does not support generic programming.
Salary: An average salary for any Java developer in India is INR 6,00,866 per year according to Indeed
C#
C# is a computer programming language. It’s the first version released in 2001. C# language is developed and maintained by Microsoft. It has a large number of features due to which it is very easy for beginners to learn this language. So whether you are a web developer, app developer, or game developer, C# language is helpful for you in all these fields.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Moderate! 3.5 out of 5.
Pros:
- C# uses an almost similar syntax which is followed by C so it is easy to understand.
- The C# language is less verbose (not as wordy) in comparison to the BASIC language.
- Fully integrated with the .NET library which provides access to a repository of functionality and support.
- Most online examples for .NET languages are in C#.
- Safer than it’s namesakes (C/++) as pointer types are not permitted.
Cons:
- It allows pointers in ‘unsafe’ blocks.
- Loses any cross-platform capabilities because of the integration with .NET.
Salary: An average salary for any C# developer in India is INR 452,448 for Scientist and INR 12,07,220 for Algorithm Developer per year according to Indeed
PHP
Rasmus Lerdorf created PHP in 1994. PHP language is firstly created for making personal home pages. This is the reason why its name is PHP. But now it is one of the most used programming languages. The full form of PHP is Hypertext Preprocessor. Those who wish to join a reasonably well old organization as a backend developer should aim to learn PHP programming.
Difficulty level: Easy to learn. 4.5 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 4.5 out of 5
Pros:
- It’s a quick and easy server-side scripting language for web development and general use.
- Functional and Object-Oriented Programming.
- It works well with databases, file systems, images, etcetera.
- Large Open Source Software Community.
- A reasonably good system of automation tools available for testing and deploying.
Cons:
- Error handling facility is poor as PHP lacks a debugging tool.
- PHP is not secure as it is one of the open-source languages.
Salary: An average salary for any PHP developer in India is INR 248,436 per year according to Indeed
SQL
SQL was developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce. This language was made available publicly in 1979.
It is a standard language for storing, manipulating and retrieving data in databases.
Pros:
- Powerful query language.
- Optimized for large numbers of table rows.
- Fast for searching and querying of data.
- High availability and consistency of data.
- Using standard SQL it is easier to manage database
Cons:
- Difficult to convert data from Objects into database tables.
- It can only run on a single server, so increasing speed means upgrading hardware.
- SQL databases run on a single server so in case if the server stops working, then the database shouldn’t be accessed.
Salary: An average salary for any SQL developer in India is INR 5,49,366 per year according to Indeed
GO
The Go language which is also known as Golang was developed at Google in 2009 by Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson, and Rob Pike.
Go is also a language like Python. So the people who love Python also love to use this language. Go language is mainly useful for building large scale and complex applications.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Moderate! 2.5 out of 5
Pros:
- Go is a really fast language as it is compiled to machine code.
- Go’s syntax is small compared to other languages, and it’s easy to learn.
- Offers standard library to provide handy built-in functions for working with primitive types.
- Go has interfaces, and any struct can satisfy an interface simply by implementing its methods.
- Go makes concurrent programming easy.
Cons:
- Poor Library Support.
- Interfaces Are Implicit.
- Fractured Dependency Management.
Salary: An average salary for any Go developer in India is INR 290,472 per year according to Indeed
Swift
Swift was developed by Apple in July 2010 so that iOS developers do not need to work with Objective-C. If you want to get into IOS mobile development, you should definitely consider Swift. It’s Apple’s new language options for programming native IOS and Mac-OS applications. Native apps have been found to outperform hybrid apps, and Sprite-Kit makes it even easier to build 2D games. It is considered an improvement in terms of usability and performance compared to Objective-C.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3.5 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 4 out of 5.
Pros:
- The Swift program codes are near to natural English, so it is easy to read.
- Easy to add new features to this language which makes swift high- level language.
- The language does not have a long code line.
- This language is not only limited to iOS and iOS X apps. But it is also capable of handling other Apple platforms like macOS, tvOS, and watchOS.
- Automatic Memory Management feature prevents memory leaks.
Cons:
- With the continuous updating of swift versions of Apple, Swift is somewhat unstable.
- The speed issues arise when we talk about the earlier versions of the Swift programming language.
Salary: An average salary for any Swift developer in India is INR 5,54,026 per year according to Indeed
C++
C++ is a programming language that was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983. C++ is a highly efficient and flexible language. It has remained in high demand due to high performance, reliability, and a variety of contexts. Microsoft Windows and Google are the two most significant projects in which C++ language is used.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Moderate! 3.5 out of 5.
Pros:
- It is a popular language, and thus, there are many compilers and libraries.
- C++ does not require a special runtime to be installed for it to run, any kind of program can be created, all the way down to low-level systems programming up to complicated GUIs.
- Other programming languages like C, C#, and Java has a very similar syntax to C++, making it easy to learn for everyone.
- No garbage collector is running in the background.
Cons:
- C++ program can’t support garbage collection or Dynamic Memory Allocation.
- There is not much flexibility to the syntax, so it can be difficult to write code in a readable way.
Salary: An average salary for any C++ developer in India is INR 6,90,354 per year according to Indeed
Ruby
Ruby was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto. Ruby is an open-source dynamic programming language. Moreover, it is more focused on simplicity and productivity. Ruby language is a high-level language, but it is not difficult to learn ruby programming language comparison with other languages.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 4.5 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Moderate! 3.9 out of 5.
Pros:
- It provides a standard structure for web apps, where all the common patterns are taken care of for you.
- The Ruby community is big into testing and test automation.
- Ruby is an eloquent and succinct language, which when combined with the plethora of 3rd party libraries, enables you to develop features incredibly fast.
- A great number of helpful tools and libraries.
Cons:
- Shortage of flexibility.
- it’s slow when compared to the runtime speed of NodeJS or GoLang.
Salary: An average salary for any Ruby developer in India is INR 546,840 per year according to Indeed
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